Error messages from Xcode have a tendency to be wrong. A bad error message can send you searching in the dark in the wrong direction.
I want to share my process for searching for answers using Google and strategies that you can leverage in code to help you overcome some obstacles with Swift’s error prone error messages.
It seems that I find more wrong error message in Swift than from my experiences with Objective-C. However, that could also be attributed to my ability to fix common errors before Xcode had time to tell me what it thought was wrong in Objective-C.
I do know that I learn the most when I encounter errors and figure out how to fix them. As a beginner programmer, you will need to start identifying errors as you type them, or after Xcode points out an error message.
I’ll show an example using an error message that had me stumped, until I revisited it the next day.
Swift Compiler Error
/Users/paulsolt/Downloads/Word Magnet/Word Magnet/ViewController.swift:173:12: Cannot invoke 'init' with an argument list of type '(x: $T4, y: $T9)'
Code
func randomInt(number: Int) -> Int {
return Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(number)))
}
func randomInt(number: CGFloat) -> Int {
return Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(number)))
}
func randomPointInRectangle(rectangle: CGRect) {
// Attempt 1
return CGPoint(x: randomInt(rectangle.size.width), y: randomInt(rectangle.size.height))
}
Ok, can you guess what’s wrong?
Google to the Rescue
I didn’t find the error message helpful, so I resorted to Googling it. Search the error message, and remove the file path and line numbers.
You can open the Issue Navigator and then right-click on an error to copy the error message to a web search bar.
Search 1
Cannot invoke 'init' with an argument list of type '(x: $T4, y: $T9)’
Nothing sticks out to me on this first search. I see MIPS assembly results from the $T4 and $T9, which look like hardware registers from assembly language. That won’t help you.
Search 2
Some of the error message is error specific, and doesn’t search well. Let’s cleanup the search text.
- You’ll need to remove the uniquely identifying information highlighted in bold.
- Add Swift to the front of the search term.
- Remove the single quotes.
Cannot invoke 'init' with an argument list of type '(x: $T2, y: $T5)’
becomes
Swift + Cannot invoke with an argument list of type (x: , y: )
The first result is good, but it’s not going to help us. It’s not the real problem that you have here. The first result is actually related to the reason I started writing this code.
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24108827/swift-numerics-and-cgfloat-cgpoint-cgrect-etc
With two searches and you are still not understanding what is wrong. That’s normal when you first start programming. The results we found are relating to mixing Double, Int, and CGFloat types together, but that’s not the problem we’re facing.
What to do when Google Fails?
Next step when I have an issue like this is to try rewriting the line of code in a different way. You can write code that’s more verbose and that does less work on a single line of code. Separate complex statements into a separate lines of code.
Make a hypothesis and test it
Maybe there is something wrong with the randomInt() function, lets use just a number.
Workflow Tip
- Copy and paste the offending line of code.
- Comment out the first line, and alter the second line of code.
Swift Compiler Error
/Users/paulsolt/Downloads/Word Magnet/Word Magnet/ViewController.swift:174:12: Cannot invoke 'init' with an argument list of type '(x: IntegerLiteralConvertible, y: IntegerLiteralConvertible)'
Code
func randomInt(number: Int) -> Int {
return Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(number)))
}
func randomInt(number: CGFloat) -> Int {
return Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(number)))
}
func randomPointInRectangle(rectangle: CGRect) {
// Attempt 2
// return CGPoint(x: randomInt(10), y: randomInt(10))
return CGPoint(x: 10, y: 10)
}
The error message is a little different, but very similar. Swift is still having an issue with the init method for the CGPoint.
Break apart lines of code into multiple steps
What happens when you separate the CGPoint initialization from the return statement?
Swift Compiler Error
/Users/paulsolt/Downloads/Word Magnet/Word Magnet/ViewController.swift:176:12: 'CGPoint' is not convertible to '()'
Code
func randomInt(number: Int) -> Int {
return Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(number)))
}
func randomInt(number: CGFloat) -> Int {
return Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(number)))
}
func randomPointInRectangle(rectangle: CGRect) {
// Attempt 3
// return CGPoint(x: randomInt(10), y: randomInt(10))
// return CGPoint(x: 10, y: 10)
let point = CGPoint(x: 10, y: 10)
return point
}
Notice how the error message has changed?
Search 1
'CGPoint' is not convertible to ‘()’
The search results aren’t very conclusive, nothing seems to show up that’s related in the first set of results. Let’s try a different approach.
Search 2
google.com will strip a lot of special characters, let’s alter the search and try it on DuckDuckGo.com
"CGPoint is not convertible to ()”
The search returns one related result, and it’s the solution to our problem.
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=%22CGPoint+is+not+convertible+to+%28%29%22
Swift Language Programming Guide
Reading or skimming the programming guide on Swift can also help you identify problems. If you’ve never coded before I’d recommend to type in some of the examples as you read, or you can take my online Swift courses.
If you read the , you might have a vague idea of what the error is. Upon seeing the error I remember back to something I read in the book.
Strictly speaking, the sayGoodbye function does still return a value, even though no return value is defined. Functions without a defined return type return a special value of type Void. This is simply an empty tuple, in effect a tuple with zero elements, which can be written as ().
What Xcode is trying to tell you is that it cannot convert a type CGPoint into nothing (an empty tuple). It’s referring to the return type, and if you look at the function signature for randomPointInRectangle you’ll notice that the return type is missing.
Solution
Don’t forget to include your return type in the function definition if you write return at the end of a function.
You can get some pretty strange and indirect error messages. Go back and fix the code to include the return type and the original logic.
func randomInt(number: Int) -> Int {
return Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(number)))
}
func randomInt(number: CGFloat) -> Int {
return Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(number)))
}
func randomPointInRectangle(rectangle: CGRect) -> CGPoint {
return CGPoint(x: randomInt(rectangle.size.width), y: randomInt(rectangle.size.height))
}
You have learned how to search for a solution to an error message, how to use DuckDuckGo.com when Google fails, and how to rewrite code to improve error messages in Swift.
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